ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

Definition 

An ectopic pregnancy is when a fertilized egg implants itself outside of the womb, usually in one of the fallopian tubes.

The fallopian tubes are the tubes connecting the ovaries to the womb. If an egg gets stuck in them, it won't develop into a baby and your health may be at risk if the pregnancy continues.

Unfortunately, it's not possible to save the pregnancy. It usually has to be removed using medicine or an operation.

Risk Factors:

• Previous infection such as salpingitis or pelvic inflammatory disease. 
• Scars from a tubal surgery. 
• Congenital malformations. 
• Uterine tumors. 
• Use of intrauterine device. 
• Smoking. 
• A recent in vitro fertilization. 
• Previous ectopic pregnancy.

Signs and Symptoms: 

• Sharp abdominal pain. 
• Vaginal spotting. 
• Sharp, stabbing pain at the lower quadrant. 
• Vaginal bleeding.

Diagnostic Procedure

Tests to determine the possibility of ectopic pregnancy must be performed first before the diagnosis.

• Pelvic Ultrasound. The most common determinant of an ectopic pregnancy.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This is also another way to detect the presence of ectopic pregnancy and it is safer than undergoing a CT Scan for pregnant women.

Nursing Management 

• Assess the vital signs to establish baseline data and determine if the patient is under shock.
• Assess for abdominal pain and tenderness.
• Position patient for comfort and assist with movement as needed.
• Maintain accurate intake and output to establish the patient’s renal function.
• Monitor blood loss and administer blood products as necessary.
• Address emotional and psychosocial needs. 
• Provide client and family teaching to relieve anxiety.